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Confirming normal baseline organ function is a mandatory pretreatment assessment before safely initiating standard disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) like methotrexate, which is strictly contraindicated in cases of liver disease or severe kidney impairment (Cohen & Mikuls, 2025
Besides these stage-specific effects, GHK-Cu and KPV@PPP_E also demonstrated antibacterial activity, which may further support inflammation resolution by reducing microbial burden
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